Blowing-engine or compressor.



G. B. PETSGHE.

BLOWING ENGINE 0R COMPRESSOR.

APPLIUATION FILED IAB.17,1910.

1,008,558, Patented 11 01.111911.y

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BLOWING ENGINE 0B. COMPRESSOR. PPLIomon FILED 11.43.17.1910.

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' APPLICATION FILED IAB.17,1B10.

Patent ad Nov.-14, 1911.

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BLOWING ENGINE 0B COMPRESSOR.

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G. B. PETSGHE.

BLOWING ENGINE 0E COMPRESSOR.

ArPLIoATIoI Hmm 1153.17, 1910.

1,008,558. PanmNov. 14,1911.

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UNITED sTATEswijarENT oFFIoE.

GUSTAV B. PETSCHE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSI irNOR T0 SOUTHWARK FOUNDRY AND MACHINE COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A COR- PORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

BLOWING-ENGINE 0R COMPRESSOR.

1 ,ooi-Lass.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 14, 191.1.

Application led March 17, 1910. Serial No. 550,014

.' ing engines in which the delivery valves for controlling communication between the ends of the compressing cylinder or tub of the engines and the receiver into which the colnpressed air is discharged, are automatically closed by a positively acting valve gearat the ends of the corresponding compression strokes and are automatically moved into 'the open position Whenever the tub pressure rises to a predetermined value relative to the receiver pressure by means of fluid pressure devices.

The object of the present invention is to provide suitable mechanism for automatically holding tlie delivery valves closed under certain conditions of operation, when the opening of these valves might produce annoying or dan erous conditions.

The various eatures of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with paiticularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification.

For a better understanding of the invention, however, and the advantages possessed by it, reference may behad to the accompanyng drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described forms in which the invention may be embodied.

Of the drawings, Figure 1 is an elevation of a portion of a blowing engine embodying my present invention. Fig 2'is a side elevation, with parts broken away and in sectio of a port-ion of the a paratus shown in Fig. 1. ig. 3 is a artlal section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1. i0. 4 is an elevation,

artly diagrammatic an partly in section, lllustrating the inlet valve operating mechanism of the engine shown in Fig. 1, and the connection between it and the means for holding the corresponding delivery valve closed.

I Fig'. 5 .is a View, simi ar to Fig. 4, but showing the parts in differ ent position. Fig. (i is a partial largo scale :ection on the line 6-6 of Fig. 1l. Fig. 7 is a sect-ion on the line 7--7 of Fig. Fig. 8 is in elevation of a blowing engine embodying a modified form of the invention. Fig. 9 is an enlarged view, partly in section, of one portion of theapenlarged section oiI znother portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 8.

In the drawings, a1 d referring first to the construction shown ir Figs. l to 6, inclusive, A represents the vert cal compressing cylinder or tub of a blowin g engine of well kno-wn type. B, B, represent the heads of the cylinder, in each of whii h is formed a receiver chamber for the air (ompressed in and discharged from the cylinder A. The admisend of the cylinder are located in the corresponding head B. D and E represent valve actuating cam rods reciprocating in fixed time relation with the movements of the compressing piston working in the cylinder A= F, F, represent the admission valve actuating devices co] erating with the cams D', D', carried by the cam rod D; and G, G, represent the corresponding delivery valve actuating devices con rolled in part by the cams E', E, carried by the cam rod E.

As shown in Figs. l.. and 5, the stem F5 of each delivery valve is connected to one arm of a rock lever F piv )ted on an eccentric F carried by a rock sha .it F2. The latter has, at opposite sides of izs pivotal center, antiriction rolls F4 which bear against the face of the correspondin am D, and in normal position the to and Fri movement of the cam D rocks the lever F back and forth from the full line positior shown in Fig. 4, in which the admission Ivalve is o en, into the dotted line position s iown in t at fi ure in which the admission valve is close An arm F6 (not shown in Figs. 4 and 5) secured to the rock shaft Ff, and o erated either manually or automatically y the corresponding rod H, serv1 ,s as a means for turning the shaft F2 to throw the eccentric Fs into, and out of, the iosition shown in Fig. 5 in which the admissf on valve is maintained in the open position.

The operating mechanism for the inlet paratus Shown in Fig. 8, and Fig. l0 isan sion and outlet valves (not shown) for eaciiy valves, so far as desci ibed, may be identical with the structure disclosed and claimed in my prior Patent No. 966,469 granted August 9, 1910.

The delivery valve operating mechanism, shown best in Fig. 3, comprises a housing G7 formed with guides for the corresponding cam E and cylinder chambers G and G2 for the rigidly connected together pistons G5 and G4. A cam roll G5, carried by the piston structure G2, G4, is engaged by the working face of the cam E on one movement of the lat-ter to force the delivery valve into the closed position, the stem GG of the delivery valve being secured to the piston structure G2, G4. In normal operation, each delivery valve is opened at the particular point in each stroke of the compressing piston at which the pressure in the tub or cylinder A rises to an equality with the pressure'in the receiver. To produce the opening movements of each delivery valve, air is admitted to the piston chamber G by the pipes I and I from the compressing cylinder adjacent the corresponding end of the latter. Communication between pipes I and I in the form of the apparatus shown is controlled by a loaded valve J, the opening of which is governed by pressure from the receiver conveyed to the valve J by the pipes O and O2. Air trapped in the cylinder chamber G2 serves to cushion the opening movement of the delivery valve. In so far as the delivery valve operating mechanism has been described up to this point', it does not diier from what has before been known, and may be identical with the construction described and claimed in my prior Patent 912,486, granted Feb. 16, 1909.

With the mechanism heretofore described there is a possibility for annoyance and even substantial damage from the failure of the delivery valves to be held closed under certain conditions when they should be closed. For inst-ance, if, from some cause, theengine should' stop with a delivery valve open, the receiver -pressure would tend to start the engine running backward, and if the deliv-..

ery valve should be open while the admission `valve is also open, as is possible with the engine disclosed, where provisions are made for maintaining the admission valves in the open position under certain conditions, the receiver pressure would then discharge through the admission ports, and this in addition to the waste of compressed air produces consequences which, if not dangerous, are at least highly annoying.

The undesirable consequences of having the delivery valves open when they should be closed may be avoided by the use of the provisions which I have made in the apparatus disclosed herein for obtaining a prompt and positive closure of the delivery valves and the positive maintenance of these valves in their closed position whenever it is desired to bring about or maintain such closure. To accomplish this in the apparatus disclosed herein I-utilize the cylinder chambers G2 and pistons G2 by means of which the opening movement of the delivery valves are cushioned in normal operation and combine therewith provisions for establishing and maintaining within each chamber G2 a fiuid pressure sufficient to close the delivery valves and hold them closed when it is desired to bring about or maintain such closure. In the form of apparatus shown in Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive, air from the receiver is supplied to each chamber G2 when it is desired to positively close the corresponding delivery valve and maintain it cle-sed through pipes O and O and valve casing M and contained parts. The valve mechanism M and contained parts shown best in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 are utilized alsoV in the normal operation of the engine as hereinafter explained, in regulating the action of cylinder G2 and piston G* in cushioning the opening movements of the delivery valves. As shown in Figs. 4 to 7 M3 represents the inlet port to which the pipe O leads. A hollow ported rotating valve member N normally closes the port M3 while permitting the passage of atmospheric air into and out of the valve casing through the lateral po-rt M, as shown best in Fi 4, which is then in register with a port o the valve member N. The port M provides direct communication between the interior of the valve member M and the interior of the piston chamber G2 through a port G9, opening into chamber G2 opposite the circle X of Fig. 3. A channel or port M5, parallel to the po-rt M, is connected to the piston cha-mber G2 by a lateral channel M5, and a port G2 opening through the wall of the chamber G2 opposite the circle X2 of Fig. 3. A channel'M7 connects thechannels M and M5. The channel M7 is normally closed by the non-return ball valve M9 mounted in the valve plug M10. A second channel or port M2 connects the port M5 with the interior of the valve N, and thereby to the lateral port M4 leading to the atmosphere when the valve N is in its normal position, as shown in Fig. 4. A screw plug M2 serves as a means for restricting in a regulated manner the escape of air from the channel M5 to the channel M2. In ordinary operation, so long as the port G2 opening opposite the circle X of Fig. 3 is uncovered by the piston portion G, relatively free communication between the chamber G2 and the atmosphere takes place through the channel or port M and portM. When the piston G4, moving outward, however, covers the port G2 opposite the circle X', air is trapped in the chamber G2 to cushion the final opening movement of the delivery valve, for after the port Gr9 is' closed air can only escape from the cylinder chamber G2 through the port G, passage M, port M, and port M2, the non-return valve M9 then closlng the port M2. As soon, however, as the piston G starts to move inward, air may freely enter the chamber` G2 to prevent the formation of a vacuum for the valve M then lifts olf its seat and channel MT forms a bypass about the restricted upper end of the channel M2.

When it is desired to prevent `the delivery valve from opening, and to hold it closed, the valve N is rotated into the position shown in Fig. in which the lateral Iport M4 is closed and in which the receiver pressure is admittedv to thechannel M of the valve casing through the port M2. It -will be observed that the effective cross sectional area of the piston G", exposed to the action ofthe pressure in the chamber G2, is substantially greater than the elieotive area of the piston G3 exposed to the pressure in chamber G, and in consequence plenty of power is available for closing the delivery valve if open, and for holding it closed Whenever the receiver ressure is admitted to the piston chamber With the provisions for holding the ad mission valve open, embodied in the Inachine shown in Figs. 1 to 7, inclusive, it is desirable that the delivery valves should be closed and held against opening whenever the admission valves are prevented from closing, land accordingly I have provided means which automatically insures the adf mission of the receiver pressure to the chamber G2 of each delivery valve actuating device whenever the corresponding admission valve rock lever F 1s thrown into the int-he rock shaft F2 to the arm N on the shaft of the valve N by a link N2, so that when the shaft F2 is rocked from the position shown iii Fig.` 4 tothe position shown iny Fig. 5, the valve N is correspondingly operated to` open the port M2 and close the port M4. It will be understood that the connections betweenthe valve N and shaft F2 may be essentially the same at both ends of the compressing cylinder, although the slight difference in relative levels between the valve and the shaft F2 at the two ends of the engine make the connections appear different in Fig. 1.

It will be understood that in engines of this character snifting ports are provided which limit the maximum pressure obtainable in the compressing cylinder. I have not thought it necessary to illustrate such snifting port, however, as their ilse is practically common and their construction well known in engines of this type as shown for instance in the Marichal Patent No. 556,548, granted March 17, 1896.

In Fig. 1, K, K, represent valves in the pipe sections I controlled )y means of an operating rod L. These val Avesv may be used in some cases to cut oifncor imunication between the compressing cylin ier and the piston chambers G of the de ivery valve actuating devices G. With the valves K closed pressure cannot be admitted to the chambers G to open the delivery valves G. In general. there is no neeil for providing the valves K and the actuat ng rod L there#` for where means are provided, as in Fig. 1, for holding the delivery valve closed by means of air admitted to tie piston chambers G2 when such closure s desired. The two devices may be used in onjunction with advantage under some conditions, however, for the valves K and rod li form a means for simultaneously preventfng the opening of the two delivery valves, while by shifting the one rod H and not the other, only one of the admission valv :s is held `open and only the corresponding delivery valve is held closed. v y

n Provisions for closing valves similar, and similarly disposed in blow` ing engine organizations to the valves l, K, described in the `preceding paragraph` have long been known, and in the Sym( ns Patent No. 813,064 such valves are disclosed in combi-l nation with provisions fo.' automatically closing them upon any retr )grade or .haclc ward running movement of the blowing en-y v gine. Such valves (K, K,) in the copera tive relation disclosed, and in combination with the provisions for closing them,-while intended to prevent the opi ning of the delivery valves under certaii'v circumstances, are not elit'ective in themselves to closeA the delivery valves, and their op eration in maintaining the deliver valves closed after the latter have been c osed by other means, is indirect and negative, since it consists in l preventing the normal oper: ytion of the pro- Instead of having the del very valve locki ing mechanism connected t) the admission valve gear, as in the arrang ement shown in Figs. 1 to 7, provisions miy be made for causing the delivery valves to be positively forced into and maintained .n the closed position whenever desired, ri gardless of `the `condition ofthe admission valves, and in Figs. 9 and 10 I have sho n details of apparatus by which this can t e done. f

'The blowing engine show a in Fig. 8 is of the same neral type as th: it shownin Fig. 1, althougie the inlet valve rctuating mechanism FA need unot be identical with the comprise parts Q', Q2, Q5, Q, Q7 Q8, Q9

and Q10, generally like the parts M with correspondin exponents, but there is no port correspon ing to port M4, and there is no valve mounted in the casing Q corresponding to the valve N. In this construct-ion a pipe R connects the port Q3 of each casing Q to a manually controlled valve'S which, in the normal position shown in Fig. 10 with the handle in the position indicated at SA, connects. the pipe R to the atmosphere through ports S and S2 of the valve casing and the hollow ported valve member S". When the valve member S4 is rotated into the position in which the handle lies in the dotted line position SB of Fig. 10, the port S2 is closed and the port S opening to the pipe R is in communication with the port Ss open to the lower end of a pipe T which is connected at its upper end to the receiver. With this arrangement, simple manipulation of the manually actuated valve S is all that is necessary to change the apparatus from its normal condition of operation in which each piston chamber G2 of the delivery valve mechanism G serves simply as a device for cushioning the final opening movement of the corresponding delivery valve, into the condition in which the receiver pressure is admitted to the piston chambers G2 and the delivery valves are held in the closed position.

It will be observed by those skilled in the art that the apparatus disclosed forms a simple and efective'mechanism for holding the delivery valves closed when desired. This is accomplished, moreover, in the form disclosed, with but a very slight modification of an existing type of apparatus and in particular without affecting the action of the piston G4 and the chambers in which they work in cushioning the opening movements of the valves in normal operation.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes may be made in the form of the apparatus disclosed without departing from t-he spirit of my invention, and I do not Wish the claims hereinafter made to be limited to theparticular embodiments disclosed further than is made necessary by the state of the art.

I claim:

1. The combination, in a lblowing engine or compressor having a compressing cylinder, a delivery valve, and means for opening and closing the delivery valve in normal operation, of supplemental means for positively maintaining the delivery valve in the closed position.

E?. The combination, in a blowing engine or compressor having a compressing cylin` der, a delivery valve, means for opening and closing t-he delivery valve in normal operation, admission valves, means for normally opening and closing the admission valves at fixed points in the stroke of the engine, and means for maintaining the admission valves open regardless of the strokes of the engine, of means actuated by the last mentioned means for positively holding the delivery valves closed while the admission valves are maintained in the open position.

3. The combination, in a blowing engine or compressor having a compressing cylinder,'a delivery valve, fiuid pressure means normally acting to open the valve upon a predetermined rise in pressure in said cylinder, and means for positively closing the delivery valve at the end of each compressing stroke in normal operation, of supplemental means for positively maintaining the delivery valves closed regardless of the pressure variations in the compressing cylinder.

4. The combination in a blowing engine or compressor having a compressing cylinder, a delivery valve, fluid pressure means normally acting to open the valve upon a predetermined rise in pressure in said cylinder, and means for positively closing the delivery valve at the. end of each compressing stroke in normal operation, of supplemental means for positively maintaining the delivery valves closed regardless of the pressure variations in the compressing cylinder, said supplemental means comprising fluid pressure mechanism adapted to act upon the valve in a direction tending to move the latter into the closed position, and provisions for supplying fluid under pressure to said mechanism.

5. The combination in a blowing engine or compressor having a compressing cylinder, a delivery valve, and a mechanism for operating the valve, including a piston and cylinder normally serving as a means to check and cushion the opening movement of the delivery valve, of valve controlling Ineans for connecting the last mentioned cylinder to a source of fluid pressure to thereby maintain the delivery valve closed.

6. In a blowing engine having a compressing cylinder, a reciprocating compressing piston working therein, a receiver chamber, a delivery valve controlling communication between said cylinder and receiver, operating mechanism for the valve including Ameans for positively closing the valve at fixed points in the stroke of the compressing piston, a differential piston having opposed portions of different effective crcss sectional areas, and chambers in which said piston portions work, connections between the chamber in which the smaller of said piston portions work and the compressing cylinder, whereby the pressure in the latter is transmitted to said chamber to thereby open the delivery valve at the proper time, of provisions whereby the opening movement of the valve is cushioned thereby, and a valved connection between said other chamber and the receiver whereby the receiver pressure may be admitted to said other chamber to hold the delivery valve closed regardless of the pressure in the compressing cylinder.

7. The combination, in a blowing engine or compressor, of a compressing cylinder, a delivery valve and mechanism for operating the valve, including a -piston' and cylinder normally serving as a means for checking and cushionii'lg the opening movement of the delivery valve, said cylinder having two ports,`one of which is closed by said piston after a slight travel of the latter in the valve opening direction, means adapted y to restrict the escape of air -from the cylinder through the other of said ports without impeding the admission of air through to said cylinder, and a valve and connections whereby said ports may be placed in communication with the atmosphere or with a source of Huid under pressure.

8. The combination, in a blowing engine or compressor, of a compressing cylinder, a delivery valve and mechanism for operating the valve, including a piston and cylinder normally serving as a means for checking 4and cushioning the opening movement of the delivery valve, said cylinder having two ports, one of which is closed by said piston after a slight travel of the latter in the valve opening direction, a casing having a valve chamber, and means im luding a valve mounted in said chamber for :onnecting said port or chamber either to the atmosphere or to a source of air under press' ire, said casing being provided also with a passa e establishing communication betwf en said chamber and said one port, and wil h a second passage connected to the other of said ports, and with a pair of passages connecting said two passages, onefof said connecting passages being restricted and the other including a non-return valve openir g to permit the entrance of air to the cylimer and closing to retard the escape of air th rrefrom.

9. The combination, in 'a )lowing engine or compressor, of a compres ing cylinder, a delivery valve and mechanisl iy or operating the valve, including a pisto 1y and cylinder normally serving as a meal s for checking and cushioning the opening movement of the delivery valve, said cylind er having two ports, one of which is closec by said piston after a slight travel ofthe la' ter in the valve opening direction, a casing formed with a passage communica-ting wit-l. said one port and with a second passage in communication with the other of said ports, and with two passages, one of which is res ricted, connecting the first mentioned pass: ges, and a nonreturn valve in the second of said connecting passages adapted to open tc permit the entrance of air to the cylinder and to close to retard the escape of air the] efrom.

GUSTAV B PETSCHE.

Witnesses ARNOLD KATZ, D. STEWART.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Gummi isioner of Patents,

f Washington, D. C. 

